it interacts with other particles through Yukawa-type interactions between the various fermions and the field. i.e. a non-zero vacuum expectation value. The existence of this non-zero vacuum expectation spontaneously breaks electroweak gauge symmetry which in turn gives rise to the Higgs mechanism. t is the simplest process capable of giving mass to the gauge bosons. The field can be pictured as a pool of molasses that "sticks" to the otherwise mlassless fundamental particles that gravel through the field, converting them into particles with mass that form (for example) the components of atoms. Its quantum would be a scalar boson


Both of the charged components and one of the neutral fields are Goldstone bosons, which act as the longitudinal third-polarization components of the massive W+, W–, and Z bosons. The quantum of the remaining component.In the paper by Higgs the boson is massive, and in a closing sentence Higgs writes that "an essential feature" of the theory "is the prediction of incomplete multiplets of scalar and vector bosons"the boson is massless only in a lowest-order approximation, but it is not subject to any constraint and acquires mass at higher orders, and to give a complete analysis 


Higgs loops result in tiny corrections to masses of W and Z bosons. Precision measurements of parameters such as the Fermi constant and masses of W/Z bosons, can be used to constrain the mass of the Higgs. It may still be possible to discover a Higgs boson above 185 GeV/c2 if it is accompanied by other particles beyond those predicted by the Standard Model. 


It also is possible to have an extended Higgs sector with additional doublets or triplets. e.g. two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDM), which predict the existence of a quintet of scalar particles: two h0 and H0, two charged Higgs particles H±. 


SM involves their coupling and the branching ratios. The so called Type-I model has one higgs doublet coupling to up and down quarks, . This model has two interesting limits, in which the lightest higgs doesn't couple to either fermions (fermiophobic) or gauge bosons (gauge-phobic). In the 2HDM of Type-II, one Higgs doublet only couples to up-type quarks




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