using atemi in a 

brawl to quickly down a gang's leader

Others consider atemi, especially to the face, to be 

methods of distraction meant to enable other techniques. A 

strike, whether or not it is blocked, can startle the target 

and break his or her concentration. A version is applied 

with motion towards the rear of uke, techniques 

performed with uke standing and nage sitting 

are called hanmi handachi

Specific targets include the chest, 

abdomen, and solar plexus. Same as "middle-level 

thrust" Some grabs are historically derived from being 

held while trying to draw a weapon "Both-shoulders-grab"kata-dori 

men-uchi". using one hand on the elbow and one hand near the wrist 

which leverages uke to the ground. This grip applies pressure into 

the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Second a pronating wristlock that 

torques the arm and applies painful nerve pressure. Third 

a rotational wristlock that directs upward-spiraling 

tension throughout the arm, elbow 

and shoulder.

Fifth  but with an 

inverted grip of the wrist, medial rotation 

of the arm and shoulder, and downward pressure on the elbow. 

Common in knife and other weapon take-aways. Figure-ten entanglement 

(jūjigarami) a throw that locks the arms against each other (The kanji 

"10" is a cross-shape) Rotary throw nage sweeps the arm back until 

it locks the shoulder joint, then uses forward pressure to throw. 

Forearm return  a supinating wristlock-throw that stretches 

the extensor. Entering throw (iriminage) throws in which 

nage moves through the space 

occupied by uke. 

Heaven-and-earth 

throw  beginning with ryōte-dori; moving 

forward, nage sweeps one hand low ("earth") and the 

other high ("heaven"), which unbalances uke so that he 

or she easily topples over.The target may become 

unbalanced in attempting to avoid the blow, 

for example when the head 

jerks back 

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